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Dottore mi bruciano le mani…
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There was a recently published study that gave an excellent description of one center’s interventions to get their door to tPA time down to a ridiculously low level.
(PMID 22622858)
Here are the interventions they used:
The American Heart/Stroke Associations also have some resources on reducing door to tPA time.
Here is the checklist of my interventions to reduce door-to-tPA-time:
Click Image for PDF
Click on over to see the finalists and vote
You just read the post: Podcast 79 – Reducing Door to tPA Time in Ischemic Stroke from EMCrit Blog - Emergency Department Critical Care.
Are you enjoying the Olympics but find yourself longing for competitors that are just more fit than Michael Phelps, Ryan Lochte, and Missy Franklin?
Do you think dressage could definitely be improved if Andrew Liteplo was announcing it?
Ever wonder how great Romolo Gaspari would look in a speedo?
If you’re like us and have found yourself thinking all these things at one time or another, then we’ve got the ultimate competition for you…Sonogames 2012!!!!
The post Episode 33 – Sonogames Part 1 appeared first on Ultrasound Podcast.
Pepid has some really good apps for medical professionals, the ones I’m familiar with are aimed at ER docs. They’re good.
Pepid is so good I gave them an unsolicited endorsement in 2007:
Yeah, that sounds very generic, so let me tell you about when I decided to convert from the free (14 day) trial and spend the bucks. A patient presents feeling frankly terrible and with a diffuse vasculitic rash. Very early in the history it's determined the patient has been taking quite a lot more methotrexate than intended (mixup, not sure why) so I tried out my new Pepid: 'methotrexate' brings up not just the drug, but throws me a lifeline: 'overdose' is on the front-page drop down menu. I clicked on that, and it took me to the antidote (Leucovorin AD, liquid folate, which I didn't remember), and then, tells me it's dosed based on body surface area, then offers a calculator, all in serial - sequential clicks. Amazing, and terrific.
That paragraph contains their Achilles heel: The Bucks. It’s never been cheap, and it’s not getting cheaper.
This year I elected to forgo renewing Pepid. It’s not that it’s not good (it is), it’s that the difference between the excellent free medical apps (Epocrates) (Medscape) plus now ubiquitous online resources (UpToDate supplied by my Corporate Overlords) minus their requested yearly rate for my iPhone ($264/year) wasn’t worth it. That’s just for the iPhone app, if you wan their iPad app you’ll have to buy that separately. Really, for only $264 they can’t just throw in the iPad app.
Imagine if you were to accidentally order the 3 year plan: $694. Sticker shock. Wow. So, if you asked them for a downgrade to the one year of the program, they’d do that, right? Sucker…
That’s right. My friend Rick (A terrific Physician Executive, Coach and pioneering blogger) accidentally clicked the 3 year button, immediately asked for a downgrade, and was told no. Pepid was more interested in his money than his loyalty or the customer experience.
Beware: Pepid screwed this doctor. Are you feeling lucky?
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Sometimes activating a "Code" type process can be a judgment call that not's so straightforward because of the presence of features outside of the standard activation criteria. What call would you have made with this patient?
A 70 year old man is brought to the ED by ambulance at 0500 with one hour of non-radiating "heavy" central chest pain. His past history comprises IHD (graft to LAD 5 years earlier) and cerebrovascular disease (TIAs) He is anticoagulated with Warfarin for the latter, and is otherwise well and independent for ADLS. En route he has received oxygen via Hudson mask, sublingual nitrates and intranasal Fentanyl, but despite this has unrelieved chest pain. His vital signs are normal on arrival and there are no previous ECGs immediately to hand.
Describe and interpret his ECG, then outline the actions you would take thereafter.In particular, would you activate a "Code STEMI" call to bring in your interventional cardiologist and catheterisation laboratory staff at 0500 for this patient?
The ECG shows sinus bradycardia at 60/min, with significant widespread ST depression anteriorly (V2-6), laterally (I and aVL) and inferiorly (II), with ST elevation in aVR. There is RBBB and LAD (c/w LAFB), constituting bifascicular block. (PR interval is borderline normal at 200 msec) Pathological Q waves in I and aVL, and poor R wave progression laterally may represent previous infarction in this vascular territory. There is a single atrial ectopic, and the QT is normal at 440 msec.
In this context of previous revascularisation, typical cardiac pain, and the ECG findings above, the provisional diagnosis is acute coronary syndrome. The widespread ST depression and ST elevation in aVR may signal proximal left coronary artery occlusion. There are important differentials to consider of course (aortic dissection, PE, other cardiac, amongst many others) but further history, examination and investigation will help to rule these out.
My actions now
The question of whether or not to immediately activate a cardiac interventional protocol is tricky here. Catheter lab activation criteria are divided into two broad streams – firstly where typical STEMI features are present and no contraindications exist, ED doctors or pre-hospital paramedics should initiate the process directly without seeking approval first, ensuring notification of relevant staff and administration of protocol based therapy. ("Code STEMI") There are many systems/hospitals which use a process like this and significant reductions in time to reperfusion have been demonstrated. Here’s an example:
The alternative approach occurs in situations where there are atypical or complicating features necessitating a discretionary judgment call by consultation between the ED doctor and the interventional cardiologist.This took place with our patient and these are the factors that were weighed up in making the decision
The decision in this patient was to activate the lab immediately, so the patient was consented, Clopidogrel administered, and transfer occurred on arrival of lab staff. His study revealed 20% occlusion of left main, 50% occlusion of LAD, and widely patent circumflex and RCA vessels. His LIMA graft was patent, and there was only mild left ventricular dysfunction, so a medical approach to therapy was pursued. The initial arrival Troponin level was 55 (normal < 15) and peaked at 155 the following day, confirming a small ACS.
Lessons from this patient:
1. Many "protocols" are in fact guidelines that require significant, high level interpretation and decision making to optimise outcomes from their use. Remember when contacting on call staff during the night to be concise and focussed in describing abnormal data and its clinical context – there’s a lot going on in this ECG which isn’t easy to summarise, but still of high importance.
2. ST elevation in aVR may signify proximal left coronary artery occlusion and should prompt assertive investigation and management ( LITFL )
A post here has been long overdue. For those of you who know me, the month of July has been my transition from a busy urban medical center in New York to a busy rural ED on the Big Island of Hawaii. My new colleagues are wonderful, and the nursing staff is great (the first time I went in to repair a lac and found the wound already irrigated, prepped, with the suture tray completely set up I nearly fell over).
The most notable change is of course the acceptable attire for a day in the emergency department. Amongst the things I’ve discovered in my first month is that the pattern on Aloha shirts can actually hide a great deal, Moray Eels are not to be trifled with, Wana (pronounced Vana) is painful, and waiting on the air rescue team during inclement weather while you watch over your deteriorating STEMI patient is anxiety provoking. Some of this will be part of the upcoming educational posts I have planned for August.
One of the traits that drew me to Emergency Medicine as a specialty is the resilience and creativity of its practitioners in the face of an endless array of unexpected and challenging clinical situations. Nothing epitomizes this more than the rural emergency physician. I’m already very impressed, and looking forward to growing as an EM doc in my new home.

Our septic tank backed up recently. When I say backed up, I mean, into the basement. And when I say into the basement, I mean, out of the bathroom and onto the carpet. And under the walls. The stars were aligned, and I had to go to work. My wife borrowed a Shop-Vac and rented a steam cleaner. I was assigned to call the septic-tank guy. The kids helped clean up, and remain traumatized by revisiting their own body fluids … and solids.
Septic tank guy, who worked on our system a few years ago, said, "Oh, yeah, you’re that guy with all them children." (This is the response I often get when people hear I have four, count ‘em, four children! The madness!) He informed me that we probably had overwhelmed our system and might need a new one. We were going on vacation, so it could sit until we returned.
Fast forward. The septic tank guy finally came, and found the problem after digging in our packed red clay with a backhoe. He was confident that I had never seen anything that disgusting. (I chuckled to myself. Real people can be far more disgusting than inanimate waste.)
The cost for locating and pumping the septic tank was $675. Hallelujah, no need for a new one! He came to the door, and handed me the bill. I told him thanks because he did a great job, and said I’d mail the check.
He paused, slightly flummoxed. "I can’t get paid now? Most people pay me right away. I mean, when can you pay me? I have to dump this, and it comes out of my pocket."
I tried to explain that I could, indeed, write a check, but having just done my other bills, it would bounce. I’d need to move a little money around. "Well, I can work with you, but how long will it be?" asked my frustrated septic tank guy.
'Look, I’ll send it to you tomorrow, but I just can’t hand it to you today. Do you understand?"
"Well, yeah, but I have expenses you know."
At which point I launched into an explanation of how I see people all day who do not and likely will not ever pay me. I don’t think he bought it, but he went away, no doubt complaining that the doctor -- the doctor of all people! -- wouldn’t pay him when services were rendered. The horror!
This strikes at the crux of the problem facing physicians, whether working in EDs or on call for hospitals under EMTALA. Everyone (politicians, administrators, patients [AKA consumers], and customer advocates) is confident of a few things. First, emergency medical care is so important that no one should be expected to pay at the time of service or indeed ever "if they really need it." "Emergency" means, in current parlance, everything from a painful tooth to sunburn, and of course, vastly worse things like lost prescriptions, heart attacks, trauma, and lack of confidence in a home pregnancy test.
Second, physicians are always wealthy, and have ready reserves to pay cash for everything. And third, nothing else is subjected to the immediacy of medical care. Let me interject here, a basement of sewage rises to a level of emergency far surpassing chronic back pain, poison ivy, possible insect bite, a prelitigation physical for whiplash, and other things that if listed would fill this publication.
Life is full of crises that are, believe it or not, nonmedical. If you are traveling with your children and your minivan gives up the ghost (Southern speak for dies) and you’re stuck in the middle of Iowa, you have a crisis. That crisis requires payment by credit card, insurance coverage, check, or cash.
If the roof blows off your house, you have a crisis. If your freezer or fridge stops working, if your electricity shuts off, if you have no water, you have a crisis. A house infested with fleas (and I speak from experience) is a crisis. These days, the way our economy and educational system uses Internet connectivity, having no Internet connection may even be a significant crisis.
Each and every one of these things, including food and water, requires payment unless you pack up the family, go off the grid, and set up your own compound. (I’ve considered it, believe me.)
So why must medical care be provided for free? Either via the cruel taskmaster of EMTALA or through universal health care? That is a reasonable question but one that no one in authority has the ability or honesty to address. Ethics, philosophy, and politics don’t mix.
More to the point, though, why is it that the government mandates that we provide care without immediate compensation but provides no voucher, no malpractice protection, no tax credit? This is a terrible double standard, and it needs to be brought to the desks of our legislators, county and state -medical societies, and national -organizations.
It creates an untenable economic situation, which partly explains the -closure of hospitals and EDs. This -problem for practitioners lies behind the move of physicians from being owners to -employees, the tendency of specialists to abandon on-call, and the desire of EPs to leave clinical practice. Sometimes it’s burnout. Often these are explained by simple economics -- and very reasonable frustration at the -asymmetry of the situation.
Medical practice and life is costly, but when the money doesn’t come in, it can’t go out. Anyone with a home, a family, and a practice will understand that this can’t continue. Herb Stein, Ben Stein’s economist father, said, "If -something cannot go on forever, it will stop." The question is, what will -America do when it suddenly has to pay for what has been free since 1986?
The plain truth is, as my septic tank friend said, "We have expenses." At the end of the day, unlike our patients, we aren’t excused from paying.
EPs unite! Circulate this to other specialists, administrators, local newspaper editors, legislators, and medical boards.
Click and Connect! Access the links in EMN by reading this issue on our website or in our iPad app, both available on www.EM-News.com.
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RNSHICU.ORGOli Flower here, with an open disclosure: I do work at Royal North Shore ICU, but... There's information about our sub-specialities, what the roster is like, teaching, the courses we're involved with, where we are, research opportinities, who we are and even a blog with loads of useful feeds on it, so check it out.
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